Jonathan pollard Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Jonathan pollard - Research Paper Example Having finished his secondary school and scored well, he joined Stanford University to consider political theory where he graduated with a degree, and later joined a few doctoral level colleges however didn't complete a post advanced education (Olive, 2006). During his secondary school years, he was a difficulty creator and when he progressed to the college he grew more enthusiasm for the Israel history and the Holocaust appeared to frame craft of his significant enthusiasm, inferable from the way that his close family had been antagonistically influenced by it. Pollard grew a lot of enthusiasm for the insight vocation after his college studies, and he subsequently went after knowledge positions both in the CIA and the US Navy, yet the CIA turned down his application since he tried positive for tranquilize use for the few past years (Goldenberg, 1993). Be that as it may, the Navy Intelligence Command (NIC) discovered him reasonable for knowledge assembling because of his enthusiasm for insight issues, in this way was employed as a knowledge expert in 1979 (Taylor, 2014). Pollard had shown indications of impropriety for the knowledge vocation prior in his work, when his quick manager had mentioned the end of his work after he was found to lie about issues related with the CIA association of his family. Be that as it may, as opposed to firing his business, he was just conveyed to an alternate division of the NIC (Olive, 2006). In this way, he was prescribed for end or sending to non-touchy territory of the knowledge administration where he was unable to be associated with direct insight assortment, yet continued avoiding the arm of the prescribing officials while moving to various divisions. In 1984, he went after advancement to the job of maritime insight investigator, and was therefore acknowledged after the division was revamped ( Shaw, 2001). John Pollard’s undercover work began after he met an Israel Air power official on leave, who was looking to gain a

Music on the Bamboo Radio

How does Nicholas change and develop During the novel? â€Å"Music on the Bamboo Radio† is a chronicled fiction novel composed by Martin Booth sets in the hour of 1941 when the royal Japanese Army attacks Hong Kong. The principle character of this novel, Nicholas Holford, a British kid who camouflaged as a Chinese and made due through the war, yet in transit, he confronted a ton of difficulties and challenges to his new life which change Nicholas into a fearless and develop youthful man.Nicholas changes and be more develops from numerous points of view, one of Nicholas’s most clear change that he showed in this novel, is that he went to be progressively free and begun to settle on his own choices. He was a kid who depends on his folks a great deal and once in a while needs to settle on his own choices. Toward the beginning of the novel, Nicholas’ guardians were sent away to join and work in the war, which they disregarded Nicholas with their hirelings, Tang, Ah M ee and Ah Kwan.Tang encouraged for Nicholas and different workers to leave and escape the Japanese Soldiers, yet Nicholas will not leave and demands hanging tight for his folks. â€Å"We must pause, when my folks get back. † (Page 4) He doesn't understand that declining to leave will bring them into immense risk, he is likewise not bold and full grown enough to decide. Be that as it may, as the novel advanced, Nicholas turned out to be significantly more free and starts settling on his own choices. In Nicholas’ new life, he needs to live with a Chinese family and help them to do housework which tasks turned into his day by day routine.Unfortunately, Tang was wiped out from a mosquito chomp in the wake of selling fish in the market one day, and so as to same Tang’s life, Nicholas and Ah Mee needs to hazard an outing to Kowloon to take the medication, Quinine, which is the best way to spare Tang’s life. After the intense and troublesome excursion, they at l ast took the medication they need, yet on their was back home, Ah Mee turns out to be too depleted and tired that she couldn’t walk any longer. The time is ticking ceaselessly, they should bring the medication back home as quickly as time permits to spare Tang’s life. â€Å"Nicholas knew there was nothing for it.Tang’s life rely upon him now. â€Å" (Page 52) Nicholas ran back home with the Quinine, he chose to desert Ah Mee after genuine and carful considerations. â€Å" You’ll be protected here,’ Nicholas announced. ‘ The individuals will care for you while you rest. † (Page 52) These show that Nicholas is currently ready to settle on great and astute choices. Not at all like previously, Nicholas thought cautiously rather ought to or ought not run back home and leave Ah Mee here, he can think about the two sides and decide the significance on each side before settling on the choice, so he takes out his dauntlessness and made this d ecision.In the center of the novel, Major Fox, from the British Army Aid Group have been requested the encourages from Nicholas to convey a bundle of a jug of antibody and a bar of gold. This jug of immunization could spare hundred of human lives, and this assignment must be finished by Nicholas. In the wake of reasoning profoundly, â€Å"When he had been thinking about going with Tai Lo Fu to devastate the†¦ his voice very and fearless. â€Å"I’ll convey it. ’ â€Å" (Page 109/110) Nicholas chose to help convey the package.This crucial unsafe and risky for Nicholas, he may get captured by the Japanese fighters and perhaps get killed by them, yet Nicholas realize that he was unable to depend on anybody this time, rather, he needs to help other people out of luck and settle on this choice himself. Settling on this choice likewise demonstrated that Nicholas turned out to be extremely autonomous and he can settle on develop choices. Another significant change that Nicholas showed in this novel, is that he ensures and helps other out of luck and got kind of others.Nicholas experienced childhood in a well off family, he has a cultivator, cook and workers. (Page 3/4) He doesn’t truly need to do tasks for himself, in any case the way that he wouldn’t even need to help and secure others. Nonetheless, as Nicholas starts his new life, living in a Chinese Family. He begins to take his own obligations, and in any event, helping his new family do tasks and housework. (Page 26) Nicholas likewise shows his assurance of others when he and Ah Mee went on the outing to get Quinine for Tang.Nicholas and Ah Mee stroll past some Japanese troopers And the detainees on their way back home, however Ah Mee bumbled and dropped her pack next to them, this got the Japanese officers consideration and they thought Ah Mee was attempting to speak with the detainees, which made the warriors yell and took out their rifles pointing at them, yet Ah Mee was too wear to hold up. Nicholas abruptly thought of a thought, he felt that the Japanese won't comprehend Cantonese either, so he made up gibberish with Cantonese and impersonates the Chinese intonation, attempting to secure and change the Japanese soldier’s center. Page 49/50) Although Nicholas did to prevail toward the end and was spared by Ah Kwan, he had attempted his best to ensure Ah Mee in the midst of peril. Nicholas likewise turned into significantly savvier and more astute, and furthermore turned out to be considerably more dependable. Toward the start of this novel, Nicholas saw two Japanese troopers in under seventy meters from him. â€Å" He needed to shout, bounce up, whoop, it’s okay. It’s just me. Don’t shoot. I’m just eleven. â€Å" (Page 3) Nicholas didn’t understand that doing that will just motivation more consideration from the Japanese troopers and made them slaughter him straight away.The right thing he ought to thus, is unobtrusively leave without bringing on any consideration and cover up. In any case, Nicholas changed as he faces more difficulties. At the point when Nicholas went out traveling with Ah Kwan and Tai Lo Fu, he met a couple of Japanese warriors strolling past him, once more, yet he responded astutely. Despite the fact that he was apprehensive and frightened, he remained tranquil and still, not causing any consideration, (Page 65) This episode indicated that Nicholas turned out to be considerably more insightful and brilliant, realizing how to protect himself in the midst of peril and furthermore gaining from his mistakes.Before Nicholas went on this outing with Ah Kwan and Tai Lo Fu, he needs to leave well enough alone first. The motivation behind this excursion, is for Nicholas to do a gigantic kindness for the East River Column Army, which battle against the Japanese subtly. The military needed Nicholas to decipher an english note from the British for them, however on the off chanc e that the Japanese get some answers concerning this Army, they will slaughter every one of them right away. So Nicholas needs to stay quiet and help finish this crucial telling anybody. â€Å"Nicholas gestured. Any feeling of honeyed words vanished. (Page 61) As the novel advancement and Nicholas went on his crucial, can see that Nicholas stayed faithful to his obligation and the mystery just to himself. This indicated Nicholas is certifiably not an insightful and dependable youngster. Through this war, Nicholas changed drastically from numerous points of view, both intellectually and genuinely. He confronted numerous troubles and intense difficulties, yet it’s just these difficulties that can change Nicholas into a develop youngster. Nicholas likewise shocked and flabbergasts me in view of his huge change and change and he additionally sets an extraordinary model for us to take in and experience from.

Network and Security Tracer Network Simulator.

Question: Talk about the Network and Security for Tracer Network Simulator. Answer: IDS, IPS, and HIPS IDS are utilized in the system chart in the middle of the customer side and the inward system parts. The IDS is appended with the HUB or Switch connected with a predefined PORT location of the switch. The primary capacity of the IDS is to follow the dubious exercises occurring in the system; it distinguishes the traffic and information transmission in the system and recognizes the defenselessness of the system towards the assault (Jesin 2014). The IDS can be utilized in the middle of the switch0, switch1, switch2 and switch3, switch4, switch5, switch6 in the left half of the system and in the middle of switch7, switch8, switch9 and switch10, switch11, switch12, switch 13. IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) is the following degree of IDS (Intrusion Detection System) and has the capacity of making sure about all the levels, for example, the working framework utilized or the information parcels in the system. It comprises of the strategies that are utilized with the IDS which alert the system head about any dubious exercises however the executive can make a move contingent upon the sort of assault (Prasad et al. 2016). Since the IPS has all the highlights of IDS it is considered as the following degree of IDS and it very well may be utilized in the spot of IDS for example between the customer and the inside system segments. In the given system graph it can supplant the IDS or it very well may be set alongside the IDS to give better security in the middle of switch0, switch1, switch2 and switch3, switch4, switch5, switch6 in the left half of the system and in the middle of switch7, switch8, switch9 and switch10, switch11, switch12, switch 13. HIPS (Host-based Intrusion Prevention System) is utilized to secure the servers and workstations of the system. It utilizes the application programming of the framework and designs it recognize the standards utilized for assurance against any interruption assaults (Lin 2012). The HIPS finds any dubious action happening on the system and checks the guidelines set for any interruption assault and either square or permits relying upon the principles (Santos and Stuppi 2015). Accordingly in the given system outline the HIPS can be set in the middle of the servers and the switch interfacing the servers for example in the middle of the switch0 and server 2 and server3 and server1 and server0 and switch7. This would shield the servers from any interruption assaults. In the given system outline static IP is doled out to all the end gadgets and the servers are arranged as a DHCP server. The customer end switches and different switches in the system are secured with secret key cisco, to such an extent that the customer can't arrive at the switch and the other system parts. PC0, PC1, PC2, PC3 can convey between PC10, PC11, PC12, PC13 since they are associated with the router0. PC4, PC5, PC6, PC7 can speak with the PC8, PC9, PC14, PC15 and they are associated with the router1. The LANs are intended to secure against layer 2 assault, for this sort of assurance the idea of vlan is utilized. References Jesin, A., 2014.Packet Tracer Network Simulator. Packt Publishing Ltd. Lin, T., 2012. The plan and execution of organization arrange security models. Prasad, N.H., Reddy, B.K., Amarnath, B. what's more, Puthanial, M., 2016. Intervlan Routing and Various Configurations on Vlan in a Network utilizing Cisco Packet Tracer.International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology,2(11), pp.749-758. Santos, O. what's more, Stuppi, J., 2015.CCNA Security 210-260 Official Cert Guide. Cisco Press.

My Career as a Nurse or Elementary School Teacher :: Career Essays

All through my young life, I have had different experiences with the clinical field. In the two different ways, great and terrible, which fuel and flash my enthusiasm into a nursing program. Growing up, I have consistently had a specific enthusiasm for turning into a medical caretaker. From encountering, my young cousins and nephew being brought into the world, to feeling and seeing treasured cherished sick relatives blurring endlessly. The adoration and pride the medical caretakers brought to my family and I is unbelievable. Realizing that they minded is among the most wanted perspective, I feel that can oblige me into this specific field. My mom is the motivation soul behind my will and need throughout everyday life. Her, being a single parent of two, I have been demonstrated firsthand the battles of simply living above neediness. The degree where we weren’t permitted help, so battling to make a decent living was the main answer. I need to conquer the fear of seeing my mom a â€Å"9-5† occupation that emptied the existence directly from her. I push my examinations with such a statement referenced by numerous â€Å"you will never work a day in your life, on the off chance that you love what you do.† Believing and accomplishing that status invigorates me into hopping heedlessly into school. Managing different family passings, I am very acquainted with the medical clinic condition. In such manners that I have nearly assembled a bond with a chosen few staff in the emergency clinic. Some wherein imparted their experience to me through their tutoring experience. They all affection their activity and training they got. Everything really enlivened me to seek after my training. Actually, I feel my cherishing and caring disposition is past the normal portrayal. Specifically, my dedication for newborn child and small children. Realizing I can have any kind of effect can at last drive me into being the best understudy and a decent individual. Anybody considering a vocation in the human services should take a character test. Aftereffects of mine was â€Å"social†. Social individuals that appreciate and flourish off of helping other people and advancing a learning situation. They like to instruct, to offer guidance, or at the end of the day offer support to individuals. At the end of the day an individual that is happy to make a special effort to decide the disease of another being. Everything turns out to be a significant job of an attendant.

Demand and Supply of Housing in Australia-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Talk about the Demand and Supply of Housing in Australia. Answer: Presentation: Request and flexibly are two terms of key significance in Economics, which are between dependant ideas and together they decide the balance of a market, its soundness, value levels and the amount of creation of the concerned great or administration in the market. As it were, request and gracefully of merchandise and ventures are the measuring sticks based on which the essential financial specialists (Producers and Consumers) connect in a market and attempt to go to a steady circumstance. This report attempts to examine the situation of the contemporary lodging market in Australia, with the assistance of these two financial powers. For examining the lodging economic situations of Australia, the article named Housing gracefully and request in balance: Fitch, by Michael Janda, has been alluded to (Abc.net.au, 2017). Lodging and Housing Market: In financial matters, assets can be of four sorts: land, work, capital and business enterprise. Any sort of interest in an economy is viewed as an expansion to the current capital supply of that economy, during a specific period. Lodging, a variation of private speculation, in this way, falls in the class of capital assets of an economy. Individuals contribute on lodgings for staying purposes as well as remembering the drawn out resource building points of view (Marekwica, Schaefer Sebastian, 2013). The flexibly and request of lodging in an economy, in a particular timespan, goes about as a critical monetary pointer, as they not just show the state of the land segment of that economy, yet in addition by implication shows the general states of other related ventures like those of banking, development and crude materials. Lodging Start, a proportion of the quantity of new private developments, began in an economy, in a specific month, likewise gives an image of the general development of the economy, its future development possibilities and the way of life of the inhabitants of that economy (Kydland, Rupert ustek, 2016). The article alluded, attempts to depict an image of the contemporary state of the lodging business sector of Australia. The developers and development organizations are on the flexibly side or maker side of this market, while, the occupants of the nation are on the interest side or the shopper side. As indicated by the discoveries of the article, the interest and flexibly of lodging in Australia are pretty much in a fair condition (Martin, Pawson, Van sanctum Nouwelant, 2016). The article draws an examination of the countrys lodging market with the partners of nations like Ireland, Great Britain and Spain. It contends that however the gracefully of lodgings in Australia is somewhat high (One new home for 1.75 individuals where the normal family size is around 2.6) (Abc.net.au, 2017). In any case, the numbers are not even close to that of Great Britain and Ireland. These nations, because of colossal blasts in this part, earlier the Global Economic Crisis (2008), constructed such a gre at amount in abundance that following the financial emergency, they saw a huge ruin sought after just as costs of new lodgings, prompting even tear-downs many houses (Jord, Schularick Taylor, 2016). In any case, the article, taking assistance a multi year old examination by ABC News, makes a general end, expressing that however the hole among request and flexibly of lodgings in Australia are not exceptionally high, the nation is as yet developing more homes for its occupants that is required. Financial Analysis: Balance in a market, as far as financial aspects, is that condition where the interest and the flexibly of the items of that market are indistinguishable and from where neither the makers not the customers have any impetus to go amiss. Some other distinctive circumstance can make disequilibrium condition in the economy (Nissanke, 2012). In the previously mentioned situation, the state of the lodging business sector of Australia vis- - vis that of the two different nations can be broke down with the assistance of the accompanying graphs: Figure-1 shows that because of a monetary blast, earlier the Economic Crisis, in the nations of Ireland and Great Britain, the gracefully of lodging expanded enormously. Be that as it may, post the emergency, the recessionary structure of these economies prompted a fall in the interest for new lodgings, in this manner making an abundance flexibly (AB) as gracefully of lodging couldn't alter as quickly as request. furthermore, driving the makers to diminish their value levels or wrecking various undesirable lodgings (Abc.net.au, 2017). Figure-2 is a harsh portrayal of the situation in contemporary Australia, drawing reference of the article. It shows that however the flexibly of lodging in this nation is more than the interest, the hole isn't as colossal as that of the previous ones. This suggests there won't be a significant contrast sought after and gracefully and the value levels won't be influenced antagonistically as the abundance flexibly o lodging isn't enormous (Ngai Tenreyro, 2014). Australia is as of now encountering amazing financial development and the way of life of the nation is seeing an upward flood as a rule. Individuals are purchasing new houses additionally for resource working as private venture and the reality of the situation may prove that the steadiness of interest in this part is keeping up a decent value level and along these lines urging the manufacturers to flexibly more than the quantity of lodgings really required (Abc.net.au, 2017). In this way, with the assistance of the monetary apparatuses of interest and flexibly it very well may be demonstrated that the lodging segment in Australia, however creating more than the number required, the hole isn't antagonistically enormous and the interest and the gracefully of lodgings are pretty much adjusted. Arrangement Recommendations: Like some other capital resources, the market for lodgings is likewise a unique one, with requests changing pretty much regularly. Be that as it may, flexibly of lodgings can't change as quick as request since it requires some investment and cash to make new lodgings. Because of this lesser adaptability of gracefully in this segment, any adjustment sought after fundamentally prompts an adjustment in the cost followed by alterations in the flexibly level (Wadud, Bashar Ahmed, 2012). For this situation, a significant part of the overabundance flexibly of lodgings in Australia is out of reach, extravagant ones, which just a couple of clients can manage. The sufficiency of minimal effort private and rental lodgings involve question (Nissanke, 2012). In this circumstance, to check the measure of overabundance gracefully present and to develop the possibilities of their business, the manufacturers should focus on wandering into spending lodgings and reduction the over-creation of extravagance lodgings (Martin, Pawson, Van cave Nouwelant, 2016). The extent of development in the later segment gets restricted after a specific purpose of tie and the interest is exceptionally flexible and fluctuating, contingent on the soundness of the economy. The market force ought to likewise be similarly isolated between the two gatherings such to maintain a strategic distance from value bends and one-sided results negative to one specific gathering End: With change in worldwide economy, showcase elements of lodging parts in Australia are quickly changing each day. Lodgings are not, at this point a last ware for utilization yet additionally a venture for future. Right now, however the market is adjusted, steady over creation may prompt high abundance gracefully in future prompting unfriendly results for both the sides of the coin. Remembering this, the interest and gracefully of lodgings ought to be observed every now and again and whenever required arrangements for Government mediations ought to be maintained in control to keep up balance in the market References: Abc.net.au. (2017).Housing flexibly and request in balance: Fitch.ABC News. Recovered 7 August 2017, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-11-30/lodging gracefully and-request in-balance-fitch/8080218 Abc.net.au. (2017).Will all the more lodging drive down prices?.ABC News. Recovered 7 August 2017, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-04-25/is-gracefully the-response to-lodging reasonableness/8470552 Jord, ., Schularick, M., Taylor, A. M. (2016). The extraordinary selling: lodging money, emergencies and business cycles.Economic Policy,31(85), 107-152. Kydland, F. E., Rupert, P., ustek, R. (2016). Lodging elements over the business cycle.International Economic Review,57(4), 1149-1177. Marekwica, M., Schaefer, A., Sebastian, S. (2013). Life cycle resource assignment within the sight of lodging and assessment conceded investing.Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,37(6), 1110-1125. Martin, C., Pawson, H., van nook Nouwelant, R. (2016). Lodging strategy and the lodging framework in Australia: an outline. Ngai, L. R., Tenreyro, S. (2014). Hot and cold seasons in the lodging market.The American Economic Review,104(12), 3991-4026. Nissanke, M. (2012). Product showcase linkages in the worldwide monetary emergency: overabundance unpredictability and improvement impacts.Journal of Development Studies,48(6), 732-750. Wadud, I. M., Bashar, O. H., Ahmed, H. J. A. (2012). Financial strategy and the lodging market in Australia.Journal of Policy Modeling,34(6), 849-863.

How Depression Tests Work

How Depression Tests Work Depression Diagnosis Print Depression Tests That Can Help Determine If You Have a Mood Disorder By Amy Morin, LCSW facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our editorial policy Amy Morin, LCSW Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 18, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on April 08, 2019 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids In This Article Table of Contents Expand Purpose and Uses Screenings Tests Limitations Diagnosis View All There isn’t a single depression test that determines if someone is clinically depressed. Unlike lab tests that diagnose some illnesses, a depression test is just one tool that a professional might use when diagnosing a mental health condition like depression.   Depression tests are often in the form of a questionnaire. A physician or mental health professional may ask the questions orally or an individual may be asked to read and answer the questions on paper or on a digital device.   The answers alone arent enough to determine if someone has depression because a test wont account for other possible reasons for an individuals answers. For example, someone experiencing acute pain may report difficulty sleeping and poor appetiteâ€"but those symptoms may be caused by pain rather than depression. A  clinician would need to take their physical health condition into account after reviewing the test results. Similarly, a treatment provider would also need to take someones environment into account. Someone may report difficulty sleeping not because hes depressed, but because he has a loud neighbor who keeps him up at night. Be aware that depression tests dont allow for explanations. They usually ask someone to report how often certain symptoms occur during a defined time period. A treatment provider would need to probe further to gain suficient information about an individuals symptoms. Purpose and Uses A depression screening doesn’t diagnose depression. It only indicates if symptoms of depression are present and may warrant further evaluation. Depression screenings are often used as a first step in determining whether a physician should inquire more about an individual’s mental health. A patient may be given the screening to complete before seeing the physician or the physician may ask the questions during an exam.   In 2016, the US Preventative Task Force recommended that physicians administer depression screenings to everyone over the age of 18. By asking a few simple questions about a person’s mood, symptoms, and behavior, a physician can determine whether further evaluation is needed. This recommendation was made because depression often goes undetected. Some studies estimate its only recognized about 50 percent of the time. Most physicians are making depression screenings a routine part of an office visit.   But, you dont have to wait until your next doctors appointment to take a depression screening. Depression screenings are also available online. Some websites offer free screening tests that allow individuals to complete in the privacy of their own homes. What Kind of Doctor Should You See for Your Depression? Common Screenings The most common depression screening tool is the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). It indicates whether an individual has symptoms of depression that may require professional intervention. Through a series of nine questions, symptoms are assessed. Some of the areas that are evaluated include appetite changes, fatigue, thoughts of suicide or self-harm, and loss of interest and pleasure in doing things.   If a physician conducts the screening and the score indicates possible depression, you may be interviewed more about your symptoms. Your physician may also assess your physical health to rule out any underlying medical conditions contributing to your symptoms and you may be referred to a mental health professional for further evaluation.   You can also take the PHQ-9 online any time for free.  The Anxiety and Depression Association of America offers the questions. You aren’t given a score, but your answers appear on a printable form. Printing out that form and taking it into your appointment with your physician can be a good way to start the conversation about your mood. Mental Health America offers the PHQ-9 as well. After answering the questions you’ll receive a score and an interpretation of that score as well as recommendations about next steps you might take in getting help. Mental Health America also offers other screenings, such as a bipolar screening test. When a depression screening indicates possible depression, it can be important to take a bipolar screening test too because depression can be part of bipolar disorder. The PHQ-9 offers a modified version for teens. The adolescent PHQ-9 asks the same type of questions as the adult version, but the language is easier to understand. It also asks about school-related difficulties as opposed to occupational issues. If you take a depression screening and it indicates possible depression, schedule an appointment with your physician to talk about it. Your physician may want to do another screening or may refer you to a mental health professional. Common Symptoms of Clinical Depression Depression Discussion Guide Get our printable guide to help you ask the right questions at your next doctors appointment. Download PDF Common Tests Physicians, psychiatrists, psychotherapists, and other mental health professionals may use depression tests as part of their evaluation or treatment. Sometimes tests are administered to gain a better understanding of the severity of someones depression, while at other times, an individual may take the same test several times throughout treatment to track their progress. Most depression tests result in a numerical score. That score provides a mental health treatment provider data about a persons depression. There are many tests that may be used to assess depression. Here are some of the most commonly used. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) The Beck Depression Inventory was created by Aaron Beck, a psychiatrist who is considered to ?be the father of cognitive therapy. The current version of the test, the BDI-II, is appropriate for individuals 13 and over. It contains 21 questions, with each being scored on a scale of 0 to 3. Higher total scores indicate more severe symptoms of depression. Zung Self-Rating Depression Scales (SDS) The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale assesses the severity of a person’s depression. It consists of 20 items that explore the psychological, somatic, and affective aspects of depression. It’s a quick and simple tool. Major Depression Inventory (MDI) The Major Depression Inventory consists of 10 items and individuals rank how often they’ve experienced certain symptoms over the past two weeks (ranging from never to all the time on a Likert scale). The items are then scored and the score indicates the severity of depression (from no depression to severe). Rome Depression Inventory (RDI) The Rome Depression Inventory consists of a series of 25 items that use the phrases most commonly used by depressed individuals to describe their discomfort. Plutchik-Van Praag Self-Report Depression Scale (PVP) The Plutchik-Van Pragg self-report depression scale uses 34 items to cover the diagnostic criteria for depression. Although it was developed for an earlier edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (the DSM-III), it remains relevant today as clinicians use the DSM-5. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression is a multiple item questionnaire used to identify depression and to evaluate recovery. It’s designed for adults and is used to rate the severity of a person’s depression by evaluating their mood, feelings of guilt, suicidal ideation, anxiety, insomnia, weight loss, and somatic symptoms. Carroll Rating Scale (CRS) The Carroll Rating Scale is a self-report version of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD). It consists of 52 dichotomous items. Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression has been used since the 1970s. It consists of 20 items and the self-report version remains widely used. Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) The Children’s Depression Inventory measures the affective, cognitive, and behavioral signs of depression in children between the ages of 7 and 17. Potential Drawbacks While these tests can be very helpful to the diagnosis and treatment of depression, they do have some potential drawbacks as well.   Self-report inventories are based on someones answers to the questions. The scores can be easily exaggerated or minimized by the person completing the questionnaire.   A person wanting to impress their physician or one who is embarrassed by their symptoms may minimize their symptoms. Similarly, a person who wants to ensure a clinician doesn’t underestimate their suffering may exaggerate how much difficulty they’re experiencing. If a test is administered orally, hearing difficulties or processing disorders may affect a person’s answers. Similarly, a person with poor reading comprehension may not be able to complete a questionnaire accurately. The place in which the test is administered can also impact the answers. If a patient is given a questionnaire to complete in a crowded waiting room or is asked to hand the form to a receptionist, the answers may be different than if the test were given in private or in the presence of a physician only. Additionally, depression impacts the way people think, so individuals who are feeling depressed may not be accurate reporters of their symptoms or they may have poor insight into their symptoms.   What Happens After? If you take a depression test and the scores indicate you may be depressed, a mental health professional is likely going to interview you about your answers and ask more questions to arrive at a clear diagnosis. If you are diagnosed with depression, a mental health professional will discuss treatment options with you. Depending on the type of depression you have, therapy, medication, or a combination of the two may be necessary to treat your symptoms. Find Help With the 7 Best Online Help Resources for Depression

Making the Most of the College Fair Season

Heres a great guest post from our friends over at Welcome to College: Fall is a busy time of year for both students and those who work in college admissions. As students figure out their classes for the semester, admissions folks are launching into their fall travel. This means that admissions counselors from colleges and universities all over the country are starting to head out on the road to visit high schools as well as attend college fairs. Here are some reasons to go meet with an admissions counselor in your school or attend a college fair: Undecided? There are A LOT of schools out there and a lot of areas of study. It is not unusual for students to be undecided in what they want to study or where they want to go and a college fair is a great place to learn about different institutions. If there is a school you are interested in, definitely stop by, but keep an open mind and you might find a hidden gem you didn’t know about. This goes for visits at your high school guidance office too. Even if you have never heard of a school, look it up because you never know! Location, location, location! Visiting a school is always a great option, but sometimes it just isn’t possible to get to campus. A college fair brings in colleges from all over, which means that a school that might be far away could still be represented by an admissions counselor or alumni. If it is at your school, even better! Become more than just a name. Admissions counselors read a lot of applications, so introducing yourself at a college fair or at an information session at your guidance office can help you to stand out. Many colleges and universities assign counselors geographic areas, so chances are the person you meet will be looking at your application later. To visit or not to visit? In some cases you might have information about a school but are unsure if you want to visit. Meeting a counselor can be a great start in getting a feel for the school. They will also have information for you about campus visits and visit days such as open houses so you can decide what type of visit works best for you! To sum it all up, take advantage of the college fairs and visits to high schools this fall! Admissions counselors are traveling to see and meet prospective students and this is a great way to learn about schools before you get to campus. Swing by and check in with your guidance counselor to see what college and universities will be visiting your school and what college fairs will be happening nearby. This post was written by Marisa Wilson, a Social Media Visit Strategist at Welcome to College. Welcome to College helps students find a college where they won’t just fit, but flourish! Learn more at www.welcometocollege.com.